Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of information processing in the relationship between theory of mind and decision making. Materials & Methods: Participants consisted of 400 students who were selected from among students of Payam-e-Noor University by proportional method and responded to Mind Theory Questionnaire (Baron-Cohen, Information Processing Questionnaire (Pasini & Epstein, 1999) and Scott & Bruce Decision Making Questionnaire (1995)). Descriptive statistics of variables were determined using descriptive statistics indices and SPSS (version 24). Then, Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS) software (version 24) was used to investigate the research hypotheses. Results: The findings showed that the theory of mind on logical information processing was positive and significant. In addition, theory of mind predicted intuitive and avoidant decision making directly and indirectly predicted logical decision-making by mediating logical information processing. Conclusion: The overall results of the study indicate that increasing the theory of mind in students by creating rational processing will increase their rational decision making.

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of rational and experiential information processing style on opportunistic and efficient earnings management based on Cognitive – Experiential Self Theory. For this purpose, the number of 250 accountants and financial managers of listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected as research sample. Research theoretical framework collect by library study and research data gathering was conducted via questionnaire. Also, the research hypotheses were tested through structural equations modeling. Research findings show a negative relation between rational information processing style and opportunistic earnings management and a positive linkage between experiential information processing style and opportunistic earnings management. Also, this evidence indicates a positive relation among both type of information processing styles and efficient earnings management. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that information processing style as an individual and cognitive feature influences the types of profit management as one of the financial decisions.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

This study was aimed to verify the effects of mood induction and brain-behavioural systems on emotional information processing [reaction time (RT), response bias (b), and response sensitivity (d')] in individuals with high BAS/BIS sensitivity as compared with a control group. At first, 527 undergraduate students filled out the Carver and white's BAS/BIS scale. Then based on standardized z score, 25 subjects with high BAS sensitivity, 25 with high BIS sensitivity, and 25 were selected as the control group. For all subjects, emotional words were presented to memorize them. Then, half of the subjects of each group were introduced to induce a happy mood and the other half were introduced to induce a sad mood. At the next stage, the emotional words were presented for all subject to recognize them. Before all, for statistical purposes, the signal detection theory method was used to standardize data. Then, repeated measurement ANOVA was used to analyze each dependent measure. The results showed that individual with high BIS sensitivity, in the sad mood induction, recognize sad words faster than the high BAS sensivity group and the control group.Whrease, no significant differences were observed in indivitulas with high BAS sensitivity. Concerning the response sensetivity, the results showed neither between group nor within condition significant differences. However, smaller response bias for negative words was observed in the high BIS sensitivity as compared with the high BAS sensitivity group and the control group. This result indicates that individuals with high BIS sensitivity use more liberal strategy for negative words recognition.

One of the essential requirements for Quantum Information Processing (QIP) is implementing universal sets of gates with high fidelity. All quantum operations can be decomposed and approximated with a combination of elements in a universal set of gates with arbitrary precision. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the techniques that has attracted a lot of attention for testing quantum algorithms. In this article, the first implementation of a universal set of quantum gates with NMR in Iran is reported. Specifically, we used the hydrogen (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclear spins in chloroform as the quantum bits and implemented single and two-qubit gates on them. The quality of these gates was evaluated using quantum tomography. Experimental results show that the gates were implemented with fidelities of more than %90. This work could pave the way for experimental realization of quantum algorithms for applications in Quantum Computing, Quantum Sensing and Quantum Simulations.